Smart charging coordinates when and how EVs draw power. We explain algorithms that track tariffs, carbon intensity, and grid constraints; the role of ISO 15118, Plug & Charge, and OCPP; and how utilities use managed charging programs. See how V2G turns cars into mobile storage for homes, fleets, and microgrids, with revenue streams from peak shaving and ancillary services. We discuss cybersecurity, data privacy, and fleet telematics—and what features to look for in apps and chargers as the ecosystem matures.